For others finding this thread via search, here’s the answer as of June 2025.
System Settings
→ Keyboard
→ Keyboard
→ Click “Key Bindings”
→ Enable “Configure keyboard options”
→ Expand “Function keys” section
→ Enable “Use F13-F24 as usual function keys”
With this configured I was able to finish setting up a transcription footpedal (mapped to F13-F15 using udev/hwdb.) It works with global shortcuts and shows the correct key pressed.