BTW - I’ve just tried to run Dolphin 22.12.3, and it looks fine: has the “show menubar” menu option, shows the “show menubar” toolbar button (with full text, for some reason) and looks fine:
Can you check something for me in a terminal? (open the Konsole application if you are unsure what terminal to use)
Please run: which dolphin (type that an press ENTER)
And then: dpkg -V dolphin (and again with the ENTER)
And paste the results here. Thanks.