"Invalid Environment Block" when clicking link in kmail

When clicking a link in Kmail, I receive the error message “Invalid Environment Block” and the linked page does not open in a browser. In this thread featuring the same error in Dolphin, the solution recommended is to delete any invalid environment variable names. Looking through my environment variables, I have no idea which, if any, could be invalid. Any ideas?

Environment Variables (EndeavourOS / Arch):

PROFILEHOME
PWD
QT_AUTO_SCREEN_SCALE_FACTOR
QT_WAYLAND_RECONNECT
SESSION_MANAGER
SHELL
SHELL_SESSION_ID
SSH_AUTH_SOCK
SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID
TERM
USER
WAYLAND_DISPLAY
WINDOWID
XAUTHORITY
XCURSOR_SIZE
XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP
XDG_DATA_DIRS
XDG_MENU_PREFIX
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
XDG_SEAT
XDG_SEAT_PATH
XDG_SESSION_CLASS
XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP
XDG_SESSION_ID
XDG_SESSION_PATH
XDG_SESSION_TYPE
XDG_VTNR
XKB_DEFAULT_LAYOUT
SHLVL
OLDPWD
GEM_HOME
CHOKIDAR_USEPOLLING
PROMPT_EOL_MARK
CONDA_CHANGEPS1
VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT